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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the construction itself, which is constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made from ground and sand.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To build their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the gut of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests known as polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form numerous nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in areas having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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For example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, since the diameter of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be employed as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 ft ) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive types, like the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that start in the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and permit employees to accumulate food resources that cannot be obtained in any other manner.197 All these passageways are produced from dirt and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but might extend dozens of metres in length.198.

Owing additional reading to their own wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important role as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable supply of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall that protects them from the environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic impact; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.